Reported federal immigration enforcement operations in U.S. cities have included tactics such as deploying tear gas on city streets without warning, conducting predawn apartment raids, and restraining individuals at medical facilities.
October 06, 2025
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temporal
Descriptions of tactics used by federal immigration agents during urban enforcement actions.
When municipal sanctuary policies bar federal immigration agents from using city-owned property for staging or operations, agents may be forced to prepare and brief operations in public locations (for example, supermarkets, office parks, or parks), which can increase the visibility and exposure of enforcement personnel.
medium
process
Describes a reported operational consequence of restrictions on use of municipal property for enforcement staging.
Municipal executive orders or local ordinances can include provisions that enable private businesses to refuse federal agents permission to use their private property as staging or operational sites for immigration enforcement.
high
policy
Describes a type of provision that local governments can adopt in laws or executive actions relating to immigration enforcement.
Municipal executive orders can attempt to prohibit federal immigration agents from using city-owned property for immigration enforcement operations, and such municipal actions can be subject to legal challenge.
high
policy
Describes a general form of municipal policy-making and its potential for legal dispute.