Israel

The peace plan proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump calls for an immediate ceasefire and for the release of hostages taken during the Oct. 7, 2023, attack on Israel.

The Trump peace plan envisions Israeli withdrawal of troops from the Gaza Strip after Hamas disarms and the deployment of an international security force in Gaza.

Israel's retaliatory military campaign following the October 2023 attack resulted in tens of thousands of Palestinian deaths and caused extensive devastation in Gaza as of 2025-10-08.

As of 2025-10-08, Israeli military actions during the Gaza war had reportedly resulted in the deaths of more than 67,000 Palestinians.

A 2025 study by the Costs of War project at Brown University's Watson School of International and Public Affairs found that the United States provided at least $21.7 billion in military assistance to Israel between 2023-10-07 and 2025-10-07.

A 2025 report produced in conjunction with the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft and the Costs of War project estimated that U.S. military assistance to Israel amounted to approximately $17.9 billion in the first year after 2023-10-07 and $3.8 billion in the second year.

The Israeli parliament, the Knesset, has 120 seats.

Israel has an exemption that grants certain religious students a pass from mandatory military conscription.

Shin Bet is Israel's domestic security agency analogous to the U.S. FBI; Aman is Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate and is the country's largest intelligence agency; and Mossad is Israel's foreign intelligence agency responsible for operations abroad.

Israeli strikes against identified terrorist threats are typically executed by the Israeli Air Force and emphasize precision targeting.

A 2025 peace proposal by U.S. President Donald J. Trump envisions Israel withdrawing its troops from Gaza after Hamas disarms, the deployment of an international security force, placing Gaza under international governance, and oversight of that governance by Donald J. Trump and former U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair.

By 2025, a growing number of experts, including experts commissioned by a United Nations body, have characterized Israel’s military offensive in Gaza as genocide, a characterization that Israel disputes.

Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority country and does not have formal diplomatic relations with Israel.

By Oct. 7, 2025, reporting attributed that Israel's military offensive in Gaza had killed more than 67,000 people, displaced around 90% of the Gaza Strip's roughly 2,000,000 residents, and created a humanitarian crisis with experts saying Gaza City was experiencing famine.

A 2025 U.S. proposal for Gaza (commonly described as the 'Trump plan') called on Hamas to release all Israeli hostages, relinquish governance and arms in Gaza, and in return proposed that Israel end hostilities, release Palestinian prisoners, and place Gaza under interim international governance.

As of 2025, Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank expressed deep distrust toward both Israel and the United States, driven by a prolonged two-year war, ongoing settler violence in the West Bank, and military restrictions.

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) is the national military of the State of Israel.

The White House's 2025 20-point proposal for Gaza included an immediate end to hostilities once both sides accept, a pullback of Israeli forces to a designated 'initial line' inside Gaza to allow hostage handovers, and suspension of military operations during those transfers.

The White House's 2025 20-point proposal specified that all 48 hostages, living and deceased, would be returned within 72 hours of both sides publicly accepting the agreement.

The White House's 2025 20-point proposal called for Israel to release roughly 250 Palestinian prisoners serving life sentences and about 1,700 Gaza residents detained since the war began in exchange for returning hostages.

A United Nations commission concluded in 2025 that Israel had committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.

A U.S. 20-point peace plan (2025) proposes that all hostages, dead and alive, be returned within 72 hours after Hamas agrees to the deal; the plan calls for Israeli military withdrawal, the complete disarmament of Hamas, amnesty for Hamas members in exchange for disarmament, and an option for disarmed members to leave Gaza for third-party countries willing to accept them.

Ktziot prison in Israel is a maximum-security detention facility.

Maritime aid flotillas have been used to attempt to break the Israeli siege or blockade of Gaza.

Reuters reported that Hamas-run Gaza health authorities claimed that Israel's military campaign had resulted in over 67,000 deaths in Gaza, mostly civilians, in 2025.

Egypt and Qatar serve as mediators in indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas, shuttling between the parties to facilitate talks.

Negotiations between Israel and Hamas commonly include arrangements to exchange or release Israeli hostages held by Hamas and Palestinian political prisoners held by Israel.

Israel enforces a naval blockade of the Gaza Strip.

Ketziot Prison is a detention facility located in the Negev desert in southern Israel.

The Trump administration supports a two-state solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, conditioned on direct negotiation with Israel and the fulfillment of defined security conditions.

A 2025 U.S. peace plan linked a hostage release to a reciprocal exchange involving Palestinian prisoners held by Israel.

U.S. officials in 2025 described a two-phase approach to ceasefire negotiations in which an initial hostage release would be followed by an Israeli military pullback to a previously held boundary position, while decisions about Gaza's future governing structure could be negotiated concurrently.

Israel maintains a maritime blockade of the Gaza Strip.

Israel has a longstanding dependency on the United States as its chief patron and primary security ally.

The 2025 Trump peace proposal called for an end to Israel's military operations in Gaza, the disarmament of Hamas, and the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip under a Palestinian governing body overseen by a U.S.-led international coalition.

As of 2025-09-07, the Israel–Hamas conflict had lasted for more than two years.

Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey have served as mediators in indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas.

United States administrations deploy envoys and diplomatic channels to facilitate negotiations between Israel and Hamas, including efforts aimed at securing hostage releases and ceasefires.

South Africa lodged a case at the International Court of Justice accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza in late 2023.

The proposed plan specified that Hamas would release the remaining hostages taken on October 7, 2023 within 72 hours of an agreement, and that Israel would release 250 Palestinians serving life sentences plus 1,700 other Gazans detained after the start of the conflict as part of the exchange.

During the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel, approximately 1,200 people were killed and about 251 individuals were taken into the Gaza Strip.

The October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel sparked the war in Gaza.

An armed conflict between Israel and Hamas began in 2023 following Hamas' Oct. 7, 2023 attacks.

On October 7, 2023, Hamas-led militants attacked southern Israel, killing about 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and abducting 251 hostages, an attack that triggered the subsequent war.

The Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel resulted in approximately 1,200 people killed and 251 people taken hostage.

Hamas' October 7, 2023 terrorist attack on Israel killed approximately 1,200 people and resulted in 251 people being taken hostage and brought into Gaza.

Of the 251 people taken hostage into Gaza during Hamas' October 7, 2023 attack, 148 were either freed as part of previous ceasefire agreements or rescued by Israeli forces, and the bodies of 57 hostages were returned or recovered, according to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

A Hamas attack on Israel on 2023-10-07 killed about 1,200 people, many of them civilians.

The Gaza war began with a surprise attack by Hamas on southern Israel on 2023-10-07 that killed nearly 1,200 people, mostly Israeli civilians.

The 2023-10-07 attack on southern Israel was the deadliest single-day attack on Israel since the country's founding in 1948.

South Africa has a longstanding official stance of support for the Palestinian cause dating back to Nelson Mandela's presidency (1994–1999), and South African officials have compared Israel's treatment of Palestinians to apartheid while Israel rejects that comparison.

The Oct. 6, 1973 war between Egypt and Israel (commonly known as the October War) is historically linked to the process that resulted in Egypt regaining control of the Sinai Peninsula.

After the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre, Israeli security doctrine adopted the practice of locating and killing individuals involved in planning and executing terrorist attacks for the purposes of preempting further attacks, deterring future attacks, and exacting retribution.

A peace plan proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump called for Hamas to free all remaining hostages and for the Israeli military to begin withdrawing from parts of Gaza in phases; the plan also proposed transferring parts of Gaza to a "technocratic" Palestinian committee and deploying a temporary security force backed by Arab states.

Indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas have been mediated by the United States, Qatar, and Egypt.

Hamas is designated as a terrorist organization by the United States, Israel, and many other countries.

A proposed ceasefire and prisoner-exchange framework attributed to U.S. President Donald Trump included releasing 48 remaining Israeli hostages (about 20 of whom were described as believed to be alive) in exchange for the release of hundreds of Palestinian prisoners, including about 250 serving life sentences and approximately 1,700 detainees from Gaza who were arrested after the October 7, 2023 attack, and envisioned handing over control of Gaza to a technocratic international body.

Hostage-and-prisoner exchange deals have been used between Israel and Hamas as a mechanism to secure the release of captives.

The American Jewish Committee defines the phrase "globalize the intifada" as calling for people from around the globe to participate in rising up against Israel.

Negotiations to end hostilities in Gaza commonly prioritize initial arrangements for hostage and prisoner exchanges, an initial Israeli military withdrawal, and a cessation of hostilities, while more complex issues such as disarming Hamas and the future governing structure of Gaza are typically deferred to later negotiation phases.

Ceasefire and conflict-resolution talks related to Gaza frequently involve multiple international mediators and participants, including regional states and their officials (for example Qatar, Turkey, and Egypt), international actors such as the United States, and negotiating teams representing both Israeli and Palestinian parties.

The Knesset is the national legislature (parliament) of Israel.