In 2025, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement offered recruitment incentives for new deportation officer hires, including bonuses of up to $50,000 and tuition reimbursement.
October 06, 2025
high
temporal
Recruitment incentives used to attract candidates to federal immigration enforcement roles.
Reported federal immigration enforcement operations in U.S. cities have included tactics such as deploying tear gas on city streets without warning, conducting predawn apartment raids, and restraining individuals at medical facilities.
October 06, 2025
high
temporal
Descriptions of tactics used by federal immigration agents during urban enforcement actions.
A 'sanctuary jurisdiction' is a term that generally refers to a city or state that limits its cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
October 06, 2025
high
definition
Clarifies common usage of the term 'sanctuary jurisdiction' in discussions of local-federal immigration cooperation.
In 2025, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) launched a $30 billion initiative to hire approximately 10,000 additional deportation officers.
October 06, 2025
high
policy
Describes ICE staffing and enforcement expansion goals announced during 2025.
In 2025, the Trump administration sought $76.5 billion in funding for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), an amount described as roughly a tenfold increase over ICE's prior budget.
October 06, 2025
high
financial
Characterizes the scale of the 2025 federal funding request for ICE relative to its earlier budget.
Federal law enforcement agencies that have been deployed in response to protests or public-safety incidents in Portland include the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Border Patrol, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
October 06, 2025
high
structural
Names of federal agencies involved in protest- or crowd-control operations in Portland.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) stated that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) does not arrest or deport U.S. citizens, and that any U.S. citizens arrested in the course of ICE operations are arrested for obstructing or assaulting law enforcement.
October 03, 2025
high
temporal
This summarizes DHS's stated enforcement policy regarding ICE actions and U.S. citizens.
Photos of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids are commonly taken from the back to conceal federal agents' identities to reduce the risk of targeted violence against agents and their families.
September 23, 2025
high
procedural
Describes a common operational practice for ICE during raids intended to protect agent identities and their families.
A 2025 analysis by Harvard University researchers and Physicians for Human Rights found that nearly 14,000 people were placed in solitary confinement in U.S. immigrant detention centers between April 1, 2024 and August 31, 2025.
August 31, 2025
high
temporal
Aggregate count of solitary confinement placements reported in ICE detention data as analyzed by the 2025 study.
The 2025 analysis noted that ICE detention data collections are typically incomplete, which likely results in an undercount of solitary confinement placements.
May 31, 2025
high
temporal
Methodological caveat reported by the analysts about the reliability and completeness of ICE-provided data.
A 2025 report found that detainees labeled as "vulnerable," including people with mental health issues, comprised about 20% of detainees between April 2024 and May 2025 and were placed in solitary confinement for an average of 38 days during January–March 2025.
March 31, 2025
high
temporal
"Vulnerable" is a classification used in the report to identify detainees with characteristics such as mental health conditions; the 38-day figure refers to the first three months of 2025.
As of 2024, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) can issue detainers for undocumented noncitizens and may assume custody of those individuals following completion of state prison sentences for further immigration proceedings.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Describes the typical ICE practice of issuing detainers and taking custody after a state sentence is served.
As of 2024, a 'sanctuary state' policy generally prohibits state or local law enforcement from assisting U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) with immigration enforcement actions, such as complying with ICE detainers.
January 01, 2024
high
temporal
Defines the practical effect commonly associated with policies labeled as 'sanctuary' at the state level.
The 2025 report documented that the average duration of solitary confinement for detainees labeled as "vulnerable" was 14 days in 2021.
December 31, 2021
high
temporal
Historical comparison provided in the 2025 analysis to illustrate changes in duration over time.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the federal agency responsible for apprehending and detaining people suspected of being undocumented immigrants in the United States.
high
operational
Describes the role of ICE in immigration enforcement.
Immigration enforcement by ICE has included detaining individuals suspected of being undocumented who do not have criminal records.
medium
observational
Reported pattern in immigration enforcement actions.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is an agency within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
high
organizational
Organizational relationship between federal agencies
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) can enter 287(g) agreements with state and local law enforcement agencies to delegate certain immigration enforcement authorities and enable participating agencies to receive specified federal reimbursement funds.
high
procedural
The 287(g) program is a formal mechanism for cooperation between federal immigration authorities and state/local law enforcement.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) routinely performs immigration-status checks using federal records on foreign-born individuals identified or encountered by other law enforcement agencies.
high
procedural
ICE uses federal records and information-sharing with partner agencies to verify immigration status of noncitizens encountered during law enforcement activities.
ICE arrest records in publicly available datasets such as the Deportation Data Project often do not include precise location information for where arrests occurred.
high
data
Describes a limitation of ICE arrest datasets that complicates identifying the physical location of arrests.
Analysts can estimate which arrests occurred in immigration courts by cross-referencing ICE arrest records (for example, the Deportation Data Project) with immigration court hearing records from the Executive Office for Immigration Review and matching dates, places, and demographic information to identify arrests likely made on the same day as a court hearing.
high
methodological
Describes a reproducible method for inferring courthouse arrests when arrest records lack precise location data.