White House Memo Declares 'Non‑International Armed Conflict' with Cartels as U.S. Carries Out Strikes Off Venezuela
The White House told Congress in a memo that the United States is “in a non‑international armed conflict” with drug cartels, characterizing cartel operatives as unlawful combatants and treating some groups as terrorist organizations while invoking presidential authority to direct military action. Over the past month U.S. forces—backed by a Caribbean naval and air buildup and reported Special Operations deployments—have carried out multiple lethal strikes on alleged drug‑smuggling boats in international waters off Venezuela (Dominican authorities say one vessel yielded roughly 1,000 kg of cocaine), prompting legal challenges from senators and human‑rights groups and sharp condemnation and concern across the region.
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📌 Key Facts
- An AP‑obtained White House memo and administration notification to Congress state the United States is in a “non‑international armed conflict” with drug cartels, labeling them unlawful combatants/terrorist organizations; Pentagon officials notified lawmakers but were reported unable to provide a public list of the designated groups.
- Since early September the U.S. has carried out multiple strikes on small 'go‑fast' boats in USSOUTHCOM’s area of operations in international waters off Venezuela — media accounts report at least three to four deadly strikes and defense officials cited about 21 people killed in related operations over the past month, with individual strikes reported as killing 3, 4 and larger earlier tolls.
- President Trump, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and White House communications staff publicly posted video clips of the strikes on Truth Social/X and asserted intelligence tied the targeted vessels to large narcotics shipments and to designated terrorist organizations; the White House has provided few publicly available corroborating details and deferred many operational questions to the administration.
- The Dominican Republic said one struck speedboat — intercepted roughly 80 nautical miles south of Isla Beata — was carrying about 1,000 kg of suspected cocaine (377 packages recovered) and described the action as a first joint U.S.–Dominican operation against 'narcoterrorists' coordinated with SOUTHCOM and JIATF‑South.
- The United States has massed significant forces in the Caribbean — reporting roughly 4,500–5,000 personnel aboard about eight warships, F‑35s repositioned to Puerto Rico and clandestine Special Operations deployments — a posture analysts say could be aimed at pressuring Venezuela as well as interdiction at sea.
- The administration’s legal framing and use of military force against suspected traffickers prompted bipartisan and human‑rights criticism: senators (including Adam Schiff and Tim Kaine) filed a War Powers resolution to limit further strikes, rights groups questioned the legality of military law‑enforcement operations, and Attorney General Pam Bondi declined to discuss any DOJ legal advice on the actions.
- Venezuela condemned the strikes as illegal and accused the U.S. of seeking regime change (Maduro also claimed some strike footage was AI‑generated); Colombia’s president and other regional leaders vocally rebuked the U.S., while Caribbean fishing communities and Trinidad & Tobago officials warned strikes risk civilian lives and livelihoods near shared waters.
- Reporting indicates the administration has halted diplomatic talks with Venezuela and officials have drafted contingency options — including plans that could target Maduro’s removal — set against prior U.S. indictments of Maduro, a $50 million reward for his capture, and heightened regional diplomatic attention (including at the U.N. General Assembly).
📚 Contextual Background
- The federal government partially shut down on 2025-10-01 after Congress failed to reach an agreement on a funding package.
📰 Sources (23)
Watch: Pam Bondi declines to comment on legal justification for Venezuela boat strikes
New information:
- Attorney General Pam Bondi publicly declined, at a Senate hearing, to discuss any legal advice her department may have given regarding the recent strikes on boats off Venezuela.
- Bondi told Sen. Chris Coons: "I'm not going to discuss any legal advice that my department may or may not have given or issued at the direction of the president on this matter."
- The CBS News clip places the AG's refusal on the public record during congressional oversight questioning.
War on cartels? White House says it has an iron-clad case to strike narco-terrorist groups
New information:
- White House told Congress via a memo that the U.S. is in a 'non‑international armed conflict' with drug traffickers classified as 'unlawful combatants.'
- Deputy press secretary Anna Kelly is quoted saying the administration's legal case to strike cartels is 'iron‑clad.'
- Report of a new (fourth) strike in international waters off Venezuela that killed four people; U.S. officials are quoted as saying 21 people have been killed in related operations over the past month.
- President Trump posted on Truth Social claiming one intercepted boat was 'loaded with enough drugs to kill 25 TO 50 THOUSAND PEOPLE.'
Trump ends Venezuela talks, military options loom, new report
New information:
- President Trump has ordered an end to diplomatic discussions with Venezuela (reported via the New York Times).
- Richard Grenell, the special presidential envoy to Venezuela, was reportedly informed on Oct. 2 that diplomatic contact must stop.
- Administration officials have drafted plans that could include operations aimed at removing Nicolás Maduro from power; this represents a potential escalation beyond counter‑drug strikes.
- The administration has previously indicted Maduro on drug‑trafficking charges and offered a $50 million reward for his arrest; the article reiterates this as context for the policy shift.
Fishermen in Caribbean fear for their lives and jobs amid U.S. strikes
New information:
- First‑hand reporting from Trinidad & Tobago villages (Icacos and Cedros) describing fishermen changing behavior — staying in shallower waters and going out less far.
- On‑the‑record local quotes: Kenrick Modie saying, 'If we die, we die,' and fishermen fearing their boats could be mistaken for drug runners.
- Statements from Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Kamla Persad‑Bissessar indicating willingness to grant U.S. access and urging action on drug cartels, and Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro placing forces on high alert in response to U.S. actions.
- Geographic proximity detail: seven miles (and 11 miles referenced) separating Trinidad and Venezuela at closest points, underscoring risk to local fishers.
As U.S. pressure mounts, Venezuela's foreign 'hostages' face growing uncertainty
New information:
- Human Rights Watch count: 89 foreign nationals detained in Venezuelan prisons (new consolidated figure cited in NPR piece).
- First-person reporting on an identified detainee (Manuel Alejandro Tique) and family impact, adding human-detail to the prior report of U.S. strikes.
- Context linking U.S. naval buildup and strikes to increased uncertainty and potential diplomatic leverage over detained foreigners.
Hegseth announces U.S. blew up 4th boat near Venezuela
New information:
- Hegseth framed the action as the fourth strike on small boats in the Caribbean in a social‑media post.
- The social‑media post asserted intelligence "without a doubt" confirmed the vessel was trafficking narcotics and that those aboard were 'narco‑terrorists.'
- A video accompanying Hegseth's post shows a small boat exploding and left adrift, as described by the AP account.
- The report ties the strike to a recently revealed White House memo in which President Trump declared drug cartels to be unlawful combatants and said the U.S. is in an 'armed conflict' with them.
- The article reports U.S. naval presence in the region of eight warships with over 5,000 sailors and Marines (per defense officials quoted anonymously).
Hegseth says U.S. strike on boat off Venezuela kills 4 "narco-terrorists"
New information:
- Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth posted on X saying he directed the strike and that four 'male narco‑terrorists' were killed.
- Hegseth's X post included a video of the boat being destroyed and a direct claim that intelligence tied the vessel to 'Designated Terrorist Organizations.'
- Venezuelan government publicly accused U.S. fighter jets of an 'illegal incursion,' saying jets were detected ~75 km from Venezuelan shores in a related incident.
US strikes another alleged drug-trafficking boat near Venezuela, killing 4
New information:
- A U.S. kinetic strike killed four men aboard a vessel in international waters just off Venezuela.
- The operation was attributed to USSOUTHCOM and said to have been ordered by President Donald Trump.
- Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth publicly posted details on X claiming intelligence confirmed the vessel was trafficking substantial narcotics and labeling those aboard 'narco‑terrorists'; he said no U.S. forces were harmed.
Trump administration tells Congress the U.S. is in "armed conflict" with cartels
New information:
- CBS News viewed the administration's notification to Congress and reports it followed the mid-September (Sept. 15) strike on an alleged cartel boat.
- A White House official told CBS the notification was part of a report to Congress required by the National Defense Authorization Act after U.S. military attacks.
- The article quotes White House spokesperson Anna Kelly defending the actions and naming the legal frame ('law of armed conflict'), and quotes former State Department adviser Brian Finucane criticizing the sufficiency of the legal justification.
- Specific reference that the Sept. 15 notification characterized the three people killed in that strike as 'unlawful combatants' and recalled the Sept. 2 strike (reported to have killed 11).
Trump declares U.S. in ‘non-international armed conflict’ with drug cartels
New information:
- AP‑obtained administration memo explicitly states cartels are unlawful combatants and that the U.S. is in a 'non‑international armed conflict'.
- Pentagon officials formally notified Congress (reported as happening Wednesday) about the designation.
- The piece reports that at least two of the recent deadly strikes last month were carried out on vessels that originated from Venezuela.
- Pentagon officials were reportedly unable to provide a list of the designated organizations to lawmakers, prompting frustration during a classified briefing.
Trump declares drug cartels operating in Caribbean unlawful combatants
New information:
- AP obtained an administration memo explicitly stating cartels operating in the Caribbean are 'unlawful combatants.'
- Pentagon officials notified Congress about the designation on Wednesday, according to a person familiar with the matter.
- Pentagon officials could not provide lawmakers with a list of designated organizations at the center of the conflict, prompting frustration among senators.
- At least two of the recent U.S. strikes targeted vessels that originated from Venezuela.
Trump admin tells Congress it determined US engaged in formal 'armed conflict' with 'terrorist' drug cartels
New information:
- The administration sent a memo to Congress stating the United States is 'in a non-international armed conflict' with drug cartels.
- The memo describes drug cartels as 'terrorist organizations' for the purposes of the administration's actions and policy.
- The memo includes a direct administration quote saying 'The President directed these actions consistent with his responsibility to protect Americans and United States interests abroad...' (i.e., an explicit invocation of presidential authority).
With 'drug boat' strikes, Trump leans into war on terror tactic against cartels
New information:
- FBI Director Kash Patel publicly urged treating cartels 'like the al‑Qaidas of the world' at a Senate hearing and recommended using Department of War and intelligence authorities to pursue them.
- NPR quotes President Trump’s public claims (video posts and statements) asserting visible cargo—'big bags of cocaine and fentanyl'—and that the administration 'recorded evidence,' while noting the White House has provided few corroborating details.
- The piece frames the strikes as the administration adopting a post‑9/11 counterterrorism blueprint and highlights legal and scholarly criticism that the strikes may amount to illegal, extrajudicial killings.
Drug enforcement is rarely a focus of the U.N. General Assembly. This year is different
New information:
- Reports that drug enforcement became a prominent, explicit topic on the U.N. General Assembly floor this week after President Trump touted strikes and cartel FTO designations.
- A direct diplomatic rebuke from Colombia’s President Gustavo Petro, who said Trump should face criminal charges for allowing an attack on unarmed people.
- UNODC global-use statistic cited in the UNGA context: 316 million people used drugs in 2023, cited to illustrate scale and the reason the issue drew attention at the U.N.
Trump unleashes US military power on cartels. Is a wider war looming?
New information:
- Senators Adam Schiff and Tim Kaine filed a War Powers resolution seeking to block U.S. forces from engaging in 'hostilities' against certain non-state organizations.
- The article states the administration has conducted 'at least three deadly strikes' on alleged Venezuelan drug vessels and notes the earlier August deployment of guided-missile destroyers to U.S. Southern Command.
- Quotations and analysis from Atlantic Council senior fellow Geoff Ramsey warning the strikes carry a 'real risk of escalation' and could destabilize Venezuela if they move inside Venezuelan territory.
Dominican Republic says it recovered cocaine that was on speedboat destroyed by U.S. military
New information:
- Dominican Republic’s National Directorate for Drug Control says it recovered 377 packages of cocaine from the go‑fast boat destroyed by the U.S. Navy.
- Officials specified the location as about 80 nautical miles south of Isla Beata and said the vessel was allegedly carrying 1,000 kilograms of cocaine.
- Dominican authorities called it the first joint U.S.–Dominican operation against 'narco terrorism,' conducted with the Dominican Navy and U.S. counterparts.
Drug-smuggling boat struck by US was carrying more than a ton of suspected cocaine, Dominican Republic says
New information:
- Dominican Republic officially states the struck 'Go Fast' boat carried approximately 1,000 kg of suspected cocaine and that hundreds of packages were recovered.
- DNCD says the seizure was conducted in close coordination with U.S. SOUTHCOM and JIATF‑South and labels it the first 'joint operation against narcoterrorism in the Caribbean region' between the U.S. and the Dominican Republic.
- Recovered packages were transferred under chain of custody to INACIF for forensic confirmation of type and exact weight.
- Dominican statement says the boat was heading to Dominican territory to use it as a transit 'bridge' to the United States.
Boat destroyed by U.S. held 1,000 kilos of cocaine, Dominican Republic says
New information:
- Dominican Republic’s DNCD says it recovered 377 packages of cocaine from a speedboat destroyed by a U.S. aerial strike, with the vessel allegedly carrying about 1,000 kg.
- The destruction occurred roughly 80 nautical miles south of Isla Beata; Dominican Navy coordinated with U.S. authorities.
- DNCD characterized it as the first joint U.S.–Dominican operation against 'narcoterrorists' in the Caribbean and released video of seized bricks labeled 'MEN'.
- The White House has said at least three boats have been destroyed so far; CBS notes human-rights concerns and a new Senate resolution to block further strikes.
U.S. carried out 3rd fatal strike on alleged drug-smuggling boat in the Caribbean, Trump says
New information:
- AP/PBS attributes new details to a Trump post: the latest strike killed three and targeted a vessel 'affiliated with a Designated Terrorist Organization' in the USSOUTHCOM AOR.
- White House communications director Steven Cheung amplified the strike video and message on X; the Pentagon deferred questions to the White House.
- The administration asserted 'intelligence confirmed' the boat was trafficking narcotics along a known route; no precise location provided.
- National security officials told members of Congress the first boat taken out was fired upon multiple times after it changed course and appeared to head back to shore.
- Adds on-the-record reactions and legal concerns from senators (both parties) and human-rights groups questioning the strikes’ legal basis.
- Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro alternately claimed the first strike video was AI-generated and accused the U.S. of seeking regime change.
U.S. Military Buildup in Caribbean Signals Broader Campaign Against Venezuela
New information:
- U.S. has deployed roughly 4,500 personnel across eight warships to the Caribbean for a counternarcotics/counterterrorism mission.
- F‑35 fighters have been moved to Puerto Rico as part of the buildup.
- Clandestine Special Operations forces are deployed, suggesting potential raids or strikes beyond interdictions at sea.
- Adm. James G. Stavridis characterizes the posture as 'gunboat diplomacy' aimed at regime or behavioral change in Caracas.
- Secretary of State Marco Rubio publicly calls Maduro a 'fugitive of American justice' and notes a reward for his capture.
- Nicolás Maduro condemns the initial Sept. 2 strike as a 'heinous crime' and accuses the U.S. of trying to provoke war.
- Analysts note the eastern Pacific—not the Caribbean—is the main vector for drug flows, implying the mission’s focus is Venezuela pressure rather than pure interdiction.
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