Three scientists win 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine
The Nobel Committee at the Karolinska Institute awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Shimon Sakaguchi, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell for discoveries about peripheral immune tolerance—specifically regulatory T cells and the Foxp3 gene. The committee credited Sakaguchi with identifying regulatory T cells in 1995 and Brunkow and Ramsdell with finding a Foxp3 mutation (2001) that links to rare autoimmune disease; the work has launched a new field of research with implications for autoimmune‑disease and cancer therapies. The trio will share 11 million Swedish kronor in prize money.
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📌 Key Facts
- Laureates: Shimon Sakaguchi (Osaka University), Mary E. Brunkow (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle), Fred Ramsdell (Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco)
- Scientific milestones: Sakaguchi discovered regulatory T cells (1995); Brunkow and Ramsdell identified a Foxp3 gene mutation (2001) that controls T‑reg development; linkage published ~2003
- Award specifics: Announced by the Nobel Committee (Karolinska Institute) Oct. 6, 2025; prize sum 11 million SEK (~$1.2M) to be shared