China tightens rare earth export controls before Trump–Xi
China’s Ministry of Commerce on Oct. 9 expanded export controls on rare earth materials and related technologies and added targets to its 'unreliable entities list,' moves analysts say aim to increase leverage before President Trump and President Xi meet in South Korea next month. The rules widen license requirements for rare earth exports, restrict export of recycling/processing equipment, and limit use of Chinese-origin rare earths in overseas chip and military applications; a ministry spokesperson framed the measures as necessary for national security.
International
Economy
📌 Key Facts
- China’s Ministry of Commerce issued the measures on Oct. 9, 2025 from Beijing.
- Controls expand the list of rare earths needing export licenses, restrict recycling/processing equipment exports, and curb use in overseas semiconductor and military sectors.
- An updated 'unreliable entities list' appears to target U.S. defense tech firms and includes the Halifax International Security Forum.
- China processes ~90% of global rare earths; the move comes weeks before a Trump–Xi meeting in South Korea.
- A ministry spokesperson cited national security; Eurasia Group’s Dan Wang said the step boosts Beijing’s bargaining position on tariffs and tech trade.